There are many factors that make people healthy or ill. This week we will focus on the social factors and determinants that impact health. Get a plagiarism-free “impact of social factors on grocery purchase” from us!
It is time to get out into your community!
Go online to the U.S. Census Bureau at https://www.census.gov/quickfacts/ (Links to an external site.) (*note, you will be using this website in the Week 2 assignment, so you can get started on collecting all the required data if desired)
Input your local zip code, city, or county. Try to get as specific data as possible (city, township, county).
Next, identify the:
Total population
Median income
Percentage or number of persons living in poverty
Go to your local grocery store, and use a flyer or app. Include the store’s name, city, and state. Identify the cost for the following items (please note whether items are organic):
1 gallon of milk
1 loaf of bread
1 bag of apples (include price per pound)
1 bag of carrots
1 large container of yogurt
1 2-liter of soda
1 bag of chips
1 package of cookies
Utilizing the data collected, discuss social factors that might impact what groceries are purchased. Try to be as specific to your community as possible (location, availability, poverty levels, etc.).
Discuss how a community health nurse (CHN) could use one of the 17 intervention categories from the Public Health Intervention Wheel to address areas of food security (Nies & McEwen, 2019).In your responses to classmates, include comparisons and contrasting information.
Your discussion post should look like this:
Paragraph one:
Utilizing the data collected, discuss a social factor that might impact what groceries are purchased. Try to be as specific to your community as possible (location, availability, poverty levels, etc.)
Paragraph two:
Utilizing the data collected, discuss another social factor that might impact what groceries are purchased. Try to be as specific to your community as possible (location, availability, poverty levels, etc.)
Paragraph three:
Discuss how a community health nurse (CHN) could use one of the 17 intervention categories from the Public Health Intervention Wheel to address areas of food security
Resources:
Where did you find your data?
City Name
New York
Median Household Income
$71,117
Population
19,835,913
People Living in Poverty
12.7%
1 gallon of milk $4.99
1 loaf of bread $4-4.5
1 bag of apples (include price per pound) $5-7 (3 lb bag)
1 bag of carrots $ 5-7 (5 lb bag)
1 large container of yogurt $5
1 2-liter of soda $1.6-2.8
1 bag of chips $2.5-3.5
1 package of cookies $4-6
Paragraph one: –
The role of social class is really important in the purchase of groceries. The people who belong to high-income social groups tend to buy more branded groceries as compared to low-income social groups. People from low-income social groups mostly buy low price groceries offering discounts on bulk purchases. On the other hand, people who belong to high-income social classes tend to pay more visits to groceries markets and buy in small quantities. Moreover, high-income social groups get most of their energy requirements from fruits and vegetables, while low-income groups ‘ diet contains fatter. In New York, both social classes exist and there is a huge groceries market so both classes can avail themselves of products of their choices. For the people belonging to the high-income social class the nutritional factor of groceries like milk, bread, cookies, and chips are really important. For People from the low-income group, the most important factor is price.
Paragraph Two: –
Social Context also influences the choice of food. Social Influence in the choice of food refers to the impact that people have on one another either direct or indirect. This influence can be conscious or unconscious. Even when People eat or buy food alone it is influenced because our attitudes and behaviors are developed by interactions with others. New York is a multi-cultural city; you can find people from different backgrounds here. 60% of the population constitutes white people, 15% are Africans, and 14% are Asians. These different groups of the population directly affect each other’s eating habits. Most people in Asian countries use different freshly cooked eatables for breakfast but in New York people from Asian backgrounds are using bread and other can-packed products. These changes occur because of interaction between people during their daily routine.
Paragraph Three: –
Public Health Nurse can play a vital role in policy development and enforcement to address the areas of food security. Most common groceries like bread, milk, vegetables, and fruits are used by almost everyone and they play an important role in the overall human diet. Availability of these items should be the priority of the local and central governments. Community health nurses can help local governments to develop policies to provide these commodities so everyone can afford them and so the nutritional diet of people cannot be compromised.
Persuasive speaking pursues to affect the confidence, insolences, values, or conduct of the audience members. The effective and influential persuasive is the Ethos and, pathos.
Introduction for Persuasive Speech
Topic: Why Toastmasters improve communication and build leadership skills.
Toastmasters International, a non-academic organization that helps people improve their public speaking skills, developed out of that small club over time. Nearly 230,000 people are members of this non-profit organization, which includes over 11,700 groups in 92 countries. Many firms, corporations, and civic organizations have encouraged their employees and affiliate members to join Toastmasters because of the clear practical benefits they gain. Members of Toastmasters International use a manual to hone their public speaking skills. It encourages the use of wit, body language, and direct eye contact. After finishing the handbook, members are ready to move on to the next level of instruction.
QUESTION-2
Choice of wording very carefully is most important because it builds a personal relationship with the audience, so choose the best words and phrases to convince the audience the opinion is right.
Ask the question it plays an additional role in the questioning and answer instinctively. The persuasive speaker can use the question to engage the listener with critical thing questions to use to plant ideas.
Clear Statement openly communicates the central ideas or the piece of the persuasive speech.
The introduction is the opening of the speech to avoid confusion.
Persuasion map outlines the arguments and designs the speaker their thoughts.
Directly to the speaker it makes the relationship between among them and makes them an effective strategy in the speaking it makes the more like conservation.
The main argument is a classic technique for persuasive speaking
QUESTION-3
The problem-solution pattern of the organization pattern is divided into the main two sections one decides the problem and the other decides the solution it is used mainly in persuasive speaking. It is the closing argument in the contribution that while the problem causes the solution it is always the root causes problem. To effectively resolve the problem and address and root cause of symptoms, it will recur. Persuasive messages have different specific purposes than explaining but are specific and directly involve the organizational pattern (Persuasive Crafting the message page no 6, 9).
The criteria for evaluating a proposed solution must first be laid out for your listeners or discussion partners to evaluate. To confirm that your offered solution genuinely solves the problem, you should compare it to these criteria. Without addressing the underlying cause, the symptoms will recur. Consequently, you need to study the issue to see if its root causes may be rectified. As vital as acknowledging the concerns of the community is, it is as critical to addressing the underlying causes. Nobody will believe you until you can explain to them why there is an issue in the first place. The best line of action is to track down the source of the problem. Take a moment to reflect on Lionel’s situation and see what happens.
QUESTION-4
Before making a decision, go through all of your possibilities thoroughly. This is the finest thing to say, you have other options, but they aren’t ideal. Consider the advantages and disadvantages of many options before concluding with this method. Using this technique, you can increase the credibility of your argument and your standing among the audience. The argument for comparative advantage can be potent in a group debate if there are different opinions on how to solve an issue. To establish that your ideas are superior, you can use the ideas of others. The only way to get past this obstacle is to pay close attention to what others have to say, look into the evidence, and evaluate one’s own opinions critically. Is there any other way to get to this conclusion? A different organizational structure should be outlined to pique the interest of a potential audience and encourage them to act quickly.
QUESTION-5
Gain Attention
Establish the Need
Provider Satisfaction
Offer a vivid Visualization
Call to Action
QUESTION-6
The first is attention in this they have both moved and edged their grass and can do both with the same machine. Another is needed most frequently seen that grass and movers cannot get to requiring to their finish mowing. Satisfaction is a product that has to do both tasks without having both tools. Visualization and action, visualization is a piece of equipment to the combination of the lawn mower and the Dyson vacuum. Action to start the fund’s prototype and market the lawn Whacker to Lowes (Persuasive Crafting page no 13).
For the audience to be fulfilled, Monroe’s Motivated Sequence necessitates that they picture themselves meeting their desire. It’s easier for people to visualize the solution to a problem when you utilize concrete language in your visualizations. As a result, the speaker is able to attract an audience by enabling them have seen a future where the problem is fixed and the speaker is a success. These initiatives make use of both emotional and logical appeals to the audience. Making it easier for listeners to see themselves engaging in an activity that fulfills a personal or community need is the final element of Monroe’s Motivated Sequence.
QUESTION-7
When creating an outline for a speech, keep in mind the importance of subordination, coordination, as well as division in outlining theory. The most general concepts come first, followed by more specific ones. There are numerous examples in the above sample of how subpoints are related and subordinated. All data at the same level should be considered equally in terms of relevance. According to the template, the main points should be marked by Roman numerals and the subpoints with capital letters. Though their contents may differ, each conveys the same amount of importance because they are all positioned on the same outline. A point can only be divided into two or more portions according to the third outline notion. A “1” in symbols within an outline without at least a “2” is equivalent to having an “A” in those same symbols without at least a “B”.
QUESTION-8
Using a full-sentence outline instead of reading the text will help you remember what you’ve learned. An outline, or condensed form of your full sentence preparation outline, might help you deliver your speech more smoothly and conversationally by removing complete phrases unless you are directly quoting from another source. There are many ways in which completed sentence outlines can be used to develop speaking plans.
If you need a similar but plagiarism-free “crafting a persuasive message”, then feel free to contact us!
Problems that impact populations are vast and now more than ever social media is getting involved.
Choose one of the following population health problems to focus on:
Substance use and/or abuse
Environmental health (air, water, ground, energy, climate, etc.) https://enviro.epa.gov/myenvironment/ (Links to an external site.) has a wealth of information
Violence Abuse
Research and share an overview of the current data on this population health problem specific to your community. You must use one (or more) of the resources from the Direct Care Project Part 1: Assessment and Diagnosis assignment. You may choose to find additional outside source(s).
Then take a moment to review the Twitter feed for compelling Tweets that may have an impact on or discuss the population’s health problem.
Give an overview of any agency, organization, person, or affiliation that is addressing the population health problem.
How could a community health nurse collaborate with the agency, organization, person, or affiliation to address the population’s health problem?
Compose a 280-character or fewer Tweet that describes what you have shared with the class. Remember Twitter only allows 280 characters (this includes spaces, etc.) so you will need to be concise. It should include a hashtag. Include the URL to the reference or Tweet if applicable. Share this Tweet in the discussion.
Note:
A Twitter account is not required nor is posting your Tweet on social media.
Your discussion post should look like this:
Paragraph one:
Overview of the current data on this population health problem specific to your community
Paragraph two:
Overview of any agency, organization, person, or affiliation that is addressing the population health problem
Paragraph three:
How could a community health nurse collaborate with the agency, organization, person, or affiliation to address the population’s health problem?
Tweet:
280-character or fewer Tweet with hashtag and reference if applicable.
Resources:
Where did you find your data?
Example Tweet:
Your zip code can have more of an impact on your health than your genetic code. Know your stats. #socialdeterminantsofhealth #SDoH #knowyourstats https://enviro.epa.gov/myenvironment/
Overview of the current data
Substance use is the misuse of prescribed medicines, alcohol, and other illegal drugs. The most common effects of substance abuse include social, mental, physical, and public health problems. It has been observed recently in America that 31.9 million population of teenage age kid in the age of 12 were involved in drug abuse. Overall, 11.7% of Americans in the range from 12 to above are addicted to illegal drugs. The population of 19.4% or 53 million people are involved in the misuse of prescribed drugs within the last year. Including tobacco and alcohol 60.2% or the 165million people of the Americans are currently abusing these drugs. Drug overdose caused death in many individuals. the addiction is making people frustrated, aggressive, and hyper in any situation their health is getting affected.
Drug abuse has short-term or long-term effects on the health of the American population and the most common health problem is the mental health issue. The variety of American population have different health problems caused by substance abuse and these health problems are damage to organs such as the heart, brain, and liver, Heart diseases, HIV, Mental illness development, and permanent changes to the nervous system or the hormones (D’Angelo & Her, 2019).
Agency addressing a health problem
Substance abuse is the main cause of mental health problems and other health issues in the United States. The substance abuse and Mental health service administration (SAMHSA) is the agency in the united that is leading to put efforts to improve the health of people in America. The purpose of this agency is to reduce the adverse effects of substance abuse and mental health issues in the American community. The organization that is addressing the issue of substance abuse in America is the NAADAC which is the largest association that is providing professional counseling to people for avoiding substance abuse (McCance-Katz, 2020).
Community nurses collaborate with organizations or people
The collaboration between the nurses and agencies is an effective way the determination the basic needs that the agency needs to have. The assessment of the work and programs offered by the agency for the practice of best methods and the improvement of the system positively affect the population that is served by the nurses and the agencies. The nurses are the valuable assets that recognize and address the substance abuse issue. The nurses collaborate with the agencies, organizations, and people through cellphone applications or messages for monitoring health problems and for sharing various solutions of it. Nurses are considered the social determinants of public health issues in the American community (Baker, et al., 2020).
Tweet
Substance abuse is the leading factor in mental health problems. Stats for an increased number of users in America is clear evidence for this argument. The close collaboration of nurses and agencies is required to resolve the issue of mental health.
Review the Direct Care Project Overview above. Select the topic (Air Quality OR Substance Use) from the table. This will be the topic of your entire course project.
View the Direct Care Project Part 1 Tutorial (Links to an external site.).
Download the corresponding Assessment and Diagnosis template under Templates below. For example, if you have selected Air Quality as your topic, download the Air Quality Assessment and Diagnosis Template.
Collect the data outlined in the template.
There are two parts:
Online data collection
Gather data from the weblinks provided on the template.
Please note, if you live in Washington D.C. it may be listed as a state or county. You may list the Washington D.C. data as state and county, then compare it to the U.S. data.
Modified windshield survey data collection
Gather local community data by physically looking at your community.
If possible, plan on asking someone to drive during your survey so that you can take notes.
Your community should be the area where you live or the area surrounding your work. The community must include a residential area and be a large enough area to answer the survey questions. If you live in a large area, you may choose a suburb.
Note:
It is helpful to conduct this portion of the assessment at least two different times: during the day or evening, on a weekday, and/or on the weekend.
Identify a nursing problem (nursing diagnosis) based on data and observations
You must select a problem caused by your topic
Important:
the problem you identify will be utilized in Parts 2, 3, and 4 of the project.
Identify the vulnerable population that the problem affects. This will also determine who you will present to in Part 3.
Write the nursing diagnosis (See template and chapter 6 in Nies & McEwen textbook for more information)
Submit the template through the submit assignment button on this page.
Templates
Select and download from the links below the one that corresponds with the selected topic:
Air Quality Assessment and Diagnosis Template (Links to an external site.)
Substance Use Assessment and Diagnosis Template (Links to an external site.)
Best Practices
Please use your browser’s File setting to save or print this page.
Use the template provided. If the template is not used, a deduction will be applied. See the rubric below.
Download and save the template (with your name) to your computer. Type directly on the template.
Spell check for spelling and grammar errors prior to final submission.
Include your name and date on the template.
Use the rubric as a final check prior to submission to ensure all content is clearly addressed.
Scholarly Sources and Citations
Since sources are on the template, citations are not needed.
Academic Integrity
Chamberlain College of Nursing values honesty and integrity. All students should be aware of the Academic Integrity policy and follow it in all discussions and assignments.
By submitting this assignment, I pledge on my honor that all content contained is my own original work except as quoted and cited appropriately. I have not received any unauthorized assistance on this assignment.
Directions: Collect the data outlined in this template. Fill in the blanks in the tables provided. There are two parts – online data collection and a modified windshield survey data collection. You will then identify a nursing problem in a vulnerable population and write a nursing diagnosis. See the assignment directions and tutorial for suggestions and best practices. All information in a category must be completed. Air quality will be the topic of your Assessment and Nursing Diagnosis Template and also Parts 2 through 4 of your course project.
**Please note these are estimated amounts of total diseases. Communities with a higher population will likely have more cases. Be sure it is clear in your presentation that these totals are estimates.**
County Data
State Data
Pediatric asthma
Adult asthma
COPD
Chronic lung disease
Lung cancer
Windshield Survey
It is recommended that you have someone drive you around your community at least 2 times, ideally at different times of day and on weekends vs. weekdays.
Look at the people in your community.
Did you observe:
No
Yes
If Yes, provide a number of states “many” “some” or “few”
· *pregnant women
· *pregnant adolescents
· *infants (under the age of 1 year old)
· *young children (1-5 years old)
· *school-age children (6-18 years old)
· adults (18 – 60 years old)
· *older adults (over the age of 60 years old)
· people exercising
· people driving
· people walking
· people biking
· people congregating in groups on the street
· *people that had hygiene issues or were unkempt
· people that were appropriately dressed
· people that were physically fit
· people that were obese
· *people that were undernourished, thin
· people that appear healthy
· *people that have obvious physical disabilities, such as those using walkers or wheelchairs
· *people with apparent mental/emotional disabilities
· *people who appeared homeless or unemployed
*Represents vulnerable populations
Social and Economic Conditions
Did you observe:
No
Yes
If Yes, provide a number or state “many” “some” or “few”
· housing that was run down or dilapidated
· areas undergoing renewal
· public housing
· public transit (subway, train, buses, taxis, etc.)
· transportation to health care resources
· landfills
· restaurants
· any political signs
· any evidence of health education on billboards, advertisements, or signs
· any efforts to improve the neighborhood’s health such as advertisements for health-related events, health fairs, clinics, or lectures
· any group efforts in the neighborhood to improve the living conditions or the neighborhood
· churches, synagogues, mosques, and other places of worship
Health Resources
Did you observe:
No
Yes
If Yes, provide a number of states “many” “some” or “few”
· hospitals
· community clinics
· family planning clinics
· generalist doctors
· dentist offices
· pharmacies
· urgent care clinics
· skilled nursing facilities
· mental health or counseling clinics
· homeless or abuse shelters
· public health department office
· substance abuse treatment center
· alternative medicine practices, botanicals, or herbal medicine shops
Answer the following question:
If some of the above health resources were not observed, approximately how far away would a person need to travel to find these resources?
Environmental Conditions
Did you observe:
No
Yes
If Yes, provide a number or state “many” “some” or “few”
· evidence of anything that might make you suspicious of ground, water, or air pollutants
· poor road conditions with potholes, or poor drainage
· adequate traffic lights, signs, sidewalks, and curbs
· railroad crossings fitted with warnings and barriers
· streets and parking lots well lit
· handicapped access to buildings, sidewalks, and streets
· recreational facilities, playgrounds, and/or facilities like the YMCA
· children playing in the streets, alleys, yards, or parks
· evidence of nuisances such as ants, flies, mosquitoes, rodents, or stray animals observed
Problem
Identify a nursing problem based on your data and observations. The problem must be related to air quality. Example: Childhood asthma
Problem Identification: _________________
Vulnerable Population
Identify the vulnerable population that is most impacted by this problem. Example: Children
Vulnerable Population Identification: _________________
Diagnosis
Write a nursing diagnosis based on your problem from above. Fill in the blanks below.
Example: Increased risk of asthma among children related to local air pollution demonstrated in county childhood asthma rates.
*See chapter 6 in the Nies and McEwen (2019) textbook for more examples of composing a community health nursing diagnosis.
Nursing Diagnosis: Increased risk of____________(problem from above) among ____________ (vulnerable population from above) related to ___________(etiological statement) as demonstrated in _______(health indicators/community data from above)
If you need a similar but plagiarism-free “air quality assessment and diagnosis template”, then feel free to contact us!
The purpose of this direct care project is for learners to apply the nursing process to a community health problem determined by their observations and data collection of vulnerable populations in their community. This is Part 1 of 4 in the Direct Care Project.
Direct Care Project Overview
There are four parts to the Direct Care Project.
There will be graded Project Check-ins that correlate to each part.
The topic selected in Part 1 will be the same one used in Parts 2 through 4. Your choice is either Air Quality OR Substance Use.
Review the table below for an overview and due dates for each topic.
Carefully review the instructions, tutorials, templates, and rubrics for each of the four parts as you begin this Direct Care Project.
Course Outcomes
This direct care project enables the student to meet the following course outcomes:
CO2 Assess the health of populations, aggregates, and communities (PO4)
CO3 Apply the nursing process to vulnerable populations with professional clinical judgment and evidence-based practice (PO4 & 8)
CO5 Utilize a collaborative approach to address factors that influence population health (PO2)
CO6 Examine collaborative trends in community health nursing (PO2)
Part 1 enables the student to meet the following course outcomes:
CO2 Assess the health of populations, aggregates, and communities (PO4)
CO3 Apply the nursing process to vulnerable populations with professional clinical judgment and evidence-based practice (PO4 & 8)
Substance Use Assessment and Diagnosis Template
Directions: Collect the data outlined in this template. Fill in the blanks in the tables provided. There are two parts – online data collection and a modified windshield survey data collection. You will then identify a nursing problem in a vulnerable population and write a nursing diagnosis. See the assignment directions for suggestions and best practices. For full credit, all information in a category must be completed. This will be the topic of your Assessment and Nursing Diagnosis Template and also Parts 2 through 4 of your course project.
Go to the Substance Use, Misuse, and Use disorders section. This will be the area that discusses those 12 and older (near end of the report).
Find the following percentages:
State Average
Regional Average
National Average
Tobacco use
Marijuana
Marijuana use disorder
Heroin use
Misuse of prescription pain reliever
Opioid use disorder
Illicit drug use disorder
Alcohol use disorder
Substance use disorder
Windshield Survey
It is recommended that you have someone drive you around your community at least 2 times, ideally at different times of day and on weekends vs. weekdays.
Look at the people in your community.
Did you observe:
No
Yes
If Yes, provide a number of states “many” “some” or “few”
· *pregnant women
· *pregnant adolescents
· *infants (under the age of 1 year old)
· *young children (1-5 years old)
· *school-age children (6-18 years old)
· adults (18 – 60 years old)
· *older adults (over the age of 60 years old)
· people exercising
· people driving
· people walking
· people biking
· people congregating in groups on the street
· *people that had hygiene issues or were unkempt
· people that were appropriately dressed
· people that were physically fit
· people that were obese
· *people that were undernourished, thin
· people that appear healthy
· *people that have obvious physical disabilities, such as those using walkers or wheelchairs
· *people with apparent mental/emotional disabilities
· *people who appeared homeless or unemployed
*Represents vulnerable populations
Social and Economic Conditions
Did you observe:
No
Yes
If Yes, provide a number of state “many” “some” or “few”
· housing that was run down or dilapidated
· areas undergoing renewal
· public housing
· public transit (subway, train, buses, taxis, etc)
· transportation to health care resources
· landfills
· restaurants
· any political signs
· any evidence of health education on billboards, advertisements, or signs
· any efforts to improve the neighborhood’s health such as advertisements for health-related events, health fares, clinics, or lectures
· any group efforts in the neighborhood to improve the living conditions or the neighborhood
· churches, synagogues, and other places of worship
Health Resources
Did you observe:
No
Yes
If Yes, provide a number of states “many” “some” or “few”
· hospitals
· community clinics
· family planning clinics
· generalist doctors
· dentist offices
· pharmacies
· urgent care clinics
· skilled nursing facilities
· mental health or counseling clinics
· homeless or abuse shelters
· public health department office
· substance abuse treatment center
· alternative medicine practices, botanicals, or herbal medicine shops
Answer the following question:
If some of the above health resources were not observed, approximately how far away would a person need to travel to find these resources?
Environmental Conditions
Did you observe:
No
Yes
If Yes, provide a number of states “many” “some” or “few”
· evidence of anything that might make you suspicious of ground, water, or air pollutants
· poor road conditions with potholes, or poor drainage
· adequate traffic lights, signs, sidewalks, and curbs
· railroad crossings fitted with warnings and barriers
· streets and parking lots well lit
· handicapped access to buildings, sidewalks, and streets
· recreational facilities, playgrounds, and/or facilities like the YMCA
· children playing in the streets, alleys, yards, or parks
· evidence of nuisances such as ants, flies, mosquitoes, rodents, or stray animals observed
Problem
Identify a nursing problem based on your data and observations. The problem must be related to substance use. Example: Alcohol use
Problem Identification: _________________
Vulnerable Population
Identify the vulnerable population that is most impacted by this problem. Example: Adolescents
Vulnerable Population Identification: _________________
Diagnosis
Write a nursing diagnosis based on your problem from above. Fill in the blanks below.
Example: Increased risk for alcohol use among adolescents related to lack of sufficient knowledge about the long and short-term impacts demonstrated in increased county data compared to state/national averages.
*See chapter 6 in the Nies and McEwen (2019) textbook for more examples of composing a community health nursing diagnosis.
Nursing Diagnosis: Increased risk of____________(problem from above) among ____________ (vulnerable population from above) related to ___________(etiological statement) as demonstrated in _______(health indicators/community data from above)
If you need a similar but plagiarism-free “assessment and diagnosis”, then feel free to contact us!
Required Resources
Read/review the following resources for this activity:
Textbook:
Chapter 7, 8
Lesson Link (website): Articles of Confederation (1777) (Links to an external site.)
Minimum of 1 scholarly source (in addition to the textbook)
Initial Post
For the initial post, address the following:
Pick two (2) issues of the Articles of Confederation and describe the main problems that the United States was faced with under the Federation government.
Analyze two major debates (see textbook Section 7.4) by which the Constitution was created in the summer of 1787.
use the PDF I shared on google drive
Then, address one (1) of the following to your initial post:
Discuss the ratification process of the Constitution of 1787.
How did ratification lead to the formation of America’s first two political parties, the Federalists and Anti-Federalists?
What were the major differences between the Federalists and Anti-Federalists, and who were the best-known members of each party?
Follow-Up Posts
Compare your selections and analysis of those selections with those of your peers. If they chose a different perspective, examine how yours are similar and/or different. If they chose the same perspective, build on their posts by providing additional information about the events that you have not already noted in your own post.
Writing Requirements
Minimum of 2 posts (1 initial & 1 follow-up)
APA format for in-text citations and list of references
Two (2) issues of the Confederation
The two issues identified in the Confederation are the following:
The national government was unable to directly tax the citizens and it requests the money from the states only.
The National government was not able to raise the army and it was only able to request soldiers from states to send soldiers.
The national government was powerless to impose taxes. To avoid the perceptions about taxation without representation, only state governments were allowed to charge taxes by the article of Confederation.
Two major debates analysis
The two major debates by which the constitution was created are over slavery and representation. In congress. In 187, congress revised and discussed the article of confederation, and difficult questions were raised in the congress representations. One of the major questions was that, whether the states should have a similar number of votes or the number of votes should be determined by the state population? This debate concluded that lower house representations would be chosen by the people and the representation of the state would be chosen by the white people and 3/5 of the slaves. A huge disagreement was started concerning slavery and delegates were agreeing that slavery will continue till 1808 when laws would be made to abolish slavery (Cornell, 2019).
The ratification process of the Constitution of 1787
When the constitution was turned by the congress to state legislatures for consideration the ratification process was started from the specially elected state of the convention by the people. The constitution was approved immediately from Dec1787 to Jan 1788 by the voting of five state conventions. All these votes are collected unanimously. The contest was fairly begun by the federalists in a well-organized manner and they were successful to secure the five out of nine states that needed to make the constitution law. For becoming the 1787 constitution into law of land, it was the requirement in the ratification process that this document must be ratified by nine states of the United States out of thirteen. Thus, this constitution copies were sent to each US state for its ratification, and they possess the power to either reject or accept it. Some of the US states were found not in favor of this constitution but the majority of them ratified it.
If you need a similar but plagiarism-free “confederation and constitution use”, then feel free to contact us!
You need to submit a short paper (approximately 2 pages – double spaced) on each of the below three questions. As such, your entire term paper should be approximately 6 pages in total length.
Do not plagiarize (example – copy & paste) your submissions directly from the information on the web or in books. You need to answer the questions in your own words after doing your research. I will submit your paper through two academic plagiarism checker websites. If you have simply copied your answer from another source you will receive no credit for your submission.
Below are the three questions. To submit your paper, draft up your answer and then submit it through the “Quiz” section. Submit all three answers at the same time.
1. a. What is the history of the exclusionary rule? b. Give me the pros and cons of having the exclusionary rule. In other words, should we have it? Give me both sides of the argument.
2. Describe the various stages (steps) of a criminal case; from arrest, then pretrial and then through the trial stages. Give details of each stage and potential issues that may exist.
3. The 4th amendment normally requires a police officer to have probable cause or a search warrant before a search can be made. However, there are many exceptions to this requirement. List eight exceptions and explain why each exception is allowed and how each exception works.
Question No 1
What is the history of the exclusionary rule? b. Give me the pros and cons of having the exclusionary rule. In other words, should we have it? Give me both sides of the argument.
History of Exclusionary Rule
The exclusionary rule explains that the shreds of evidence obtained through the illegal activities would not be considered by the government and it has significance in the interpretation of the fourth amendment. Without the exclusionary rule, the government would be free to collect the pieces of evidence through unfair means and would violate the amendments. The emergence of the exclusionary rule was observed in 1886 when the Supreme Court observed that the fourth amendment was violated by the attorney of the United States. The court ordered to seize the home of the defendants and the documents that were violated and were unconstitutional under the fourth amendment. Different versions of the Exclusionary rule were existing in the United States before 1961 until this rule was extended for the nation (Deahl, 2018).
Pros and cons of having an Exclusionary Rule
In the process of the exclusionary rule, any evidence collected by unfair means that violate the Fourth or Fifth Amendment would not be against a person in the criminal proceeding. This evidence would not be included in the documents that would be used against the suspect.
Pros:
It requires lawmakers to follow the Law
For maintaining consistency in society, it is very important to follow the rules and regulations. Without the exclusionary rule, people can collect evidence from unfair means and the commitment to the rules and laws makes them understand that no one is above the law (Hawkins, 2021).
Requires probable cause
In the United States probable cause means that before issuing any warrant of collecting shreds of evidence against an individual, it is necessary to have reasonable suspicion. If a person has done something wrong, his action must be examined before subjecting them to the search. It reduces the total accusations in society.
Limits the power of government
In the absence of the exclusionary rule, the governments would be controlling the populations through their concepts of law. It helps people to protect their private properties to be used by the officials of government against them.
Assumes innocence before guilt
In the United State justice system, people are assumed to be innocent before they are proved guilty by the authorized judges. The concept of exclusionary rule helps to promote fairness.
Reduce the risks of manufactured pieces of evidence
According to the exclusionary rule, there must be evident documents against the actions of an individual to prove his wrongdoings. If the document of evidence is not available, the person is not guilty. This rule prevents the officials from making false evidence (Derek, 2018).
Cons
This rule does not affect innocent
The exclusionary rule protects the individual who would possibly be convicted of crimes just because of their actions. The search and seizures would be more for the general population but the innocent individuals would still be innocent. The pieces of evidence would be fabricated without the exclusionary rule.
Emphasizes law enforcement instead of crime
The emphasis of the exclusionary rule is on the processes that are involved in the enforcement of the law that is followed by the officials to collect the evidence. In the exclusionary rule, the officials are scrutinized more than the individual who was accused of the crime just to check if the evidence is collected by fair means or not (Hardiman, 2018).
Can only be applied in the criminal proceedings
The exclusionary rule has an association with the fourth amendment and it is a concept of law, not a legal rule to be followed. Because this is a principle, not a law that’s why it can only be applied to the criminal proceeding, not civil proceedings.
It hits taxpayers in the bank
The purpose of this rule is to protect the people who are accused of the crime and creates deeper work for the administration. If there are more laws to be followed, then more costs would be paid and no studies are done to calculate the average cost paid to apply the rules. There are 18000 police officers in the US and the average income of the police officers is $58,240. The cost is 7.65 million per hour which means that $214.2M is spent on the administration of the exclusionary rule (Hawkins, 2021).
Should we have it?
The exclusionary rule is beneficial to get protection by the law and prevent other people from accusing any individual who is innocent. This is the major benefit that when somebody is accused of wrongdoing then his action is examined before applying for a search warrant against them. This activity prevents the chances of false pieces of evidence and innocent would not be punished for something that is not done by them. That’s why it is important to have the exclusionary rule. In the absence of this rule, officials and government authorities would be free to use their powers and violate the rights of the people. This rule bound every official to follow the law otherwise there would be serious consequences that they have to face. All these reasons support the idea that it would be good to have an exclusionary rule (Derek, 2018).
Question no 02
Describe the various stages (steps) of a criminal case; from arrest, then pretrial and then through the trial stages. Give details of each stage and potential issues that may exist
Stages of Criminal cases
The prosecution of the crime has consisted of different stages that start from the arrest and end at trials. Most criminal cases are terminated because the defendants accept the plea bargain that is offered by the prosecution. The plea bargain allows an individual to accept their fault for getting lenient sentences.
Arrest
The prosecution of the crime begins with the arrest of the defendants. The reasons behind the arrest of an individual include that 1) officers may have observed the defendant be committing a crime 2) the officers may have assumed that the crime has been committed by the person and 3) the person is arrested by the police officers under the valid warrants of the arrest. After the arrest, the booking of the suspect is started being the police to place the individual in police custody. After the custody of individuals, a citation is issued by the police officers for the suspect with special instruction for appearing in the court hearings (LII, 2022).
Bail
If the suspect is in the custody of police officers and his bail is granted then he would be paying the fee of bail to be released. The release of the suspect is ensured with the promise that he would be appearing in all of the court hearings. The release of the suspect is based on the own recognizance that is approved by the court considering the nature of the crime, the seriousness of the crime, a threat to society, and the criminal records of the suspects. The issues associated with this stage are that suspects often disappear and do not attend the hearings of the court until the cases are dismissed.
Arraignment
This is the first appearance of the suspect in court. In this stage, judges analyze all the charges which are filed against the defendants and decide if the suspect is guilty or not. The dates of bails and further proceedings are also reviewed by the judges.
Preliminary Hearing
In this stage, questions are asked from the witnesses and both parties start to argue about the suspect’s actions. After these questions, a final finding would be created by the judges. The grand jury only hears from the prosecutor and sometimes, the grand jury calls their witnesses and requests further investigation of the case. The grand jury must decide if sufficient evidence is collected against the defendants or not (Weigend, 2018).
Pre-trial
The pretrial is brought by the defendant as well as the prosecution for resolving the issues and for deciding which evidence would be presented at the final trial. The issues which are discussed in the pre-trial stage are associated with the severity of the cases. The lawyers of both parties involved in the case can file a motion of pre-trial to remove the pieces of evidence of a particular kind. The judge has the right to make the decision in the pre-trial stage or to give another hearing for answering the motions.
Trial
At this stage of the trial, the suspect would be found either guilty or innocent. The burden of the proof is beard by the prosecution in the criminal trial stage. The prosecutor has to prove that crime has been committed by the accused and is guilty. The defendants have the right to a jury trial according to their constitutional rights. The opening and closing statements of the trial help the jury to decide if the defendant is guilty or not. In case the jury was unable to make the unanimous verdict then it would be considered a mistrial. The mistrial would either dismiss the case or a new jury would be selected for the case. If the defendant is proved guilty then he would be sentenced.
Question # 03
The 4th amendment normally requires a police officer to have probable cause or a search warrant before a search can be made. However, there are many exceptions to this requirement. List eight exceptions and explain why each exception is allowed and how each exception works.
Exception of having search warrants
The fourth amendment limits the search of people for houses and effects that are supported by probable cause. In a few circumstances, the police officers have allowed the conduct of the searches and seized the pieces of evidence without the need for a warrant. The exception of the warrant requirements are given below:
1. Stop and Frisk
The stepping of someone on the street is detention and in the fourth amendment, it is considered the seizure of the person. The Supreme Court has said if the cop has reasonable suspicion that the person has committed a crime and the officer has authority to stop the person on the street and if the suspect is armed then he would be pat-down (Haines, et al., 2020).
2. Consent
Consent is one of the most warrantless consent searches. The police officer usually likes the consent because it provides the liberty to seize things and a free pass for the research. A warrant is not needed for the consent and police officers have complete authority over the consent.
3. Plain view
The ability to seize something is called the plain which provides the authority to police for seizing the items that are visible to the police officers and are considered illegal. In this situation, police officers do not require any research warrant and they are free to seize the items (Benton, 2018).
4. Exigent Circumstances
This is another way to be considered an emergency. Taking the warrant often takes time and if something is expected to have happened then a warrant is not required to prevent the danger. The police officer would be able to avoid the requirements of a fourth warrant. The Exigent also provides the liberty to the police officers to enter private buildings without a warrant if they have sensed that a crime is about to happen or pieces of evidence are expected to be fabricated (Kinports, 2018).
5. Hot Pursuit
The hot pursuit is known as the police chase. In most cases, police officers require a warrant to get into the house of somebody. In case the police are chasing a felony suspect and that suspect has entered a private home the police would n t require a warrant and they would follow the suspect under hot pursuit (Gentithes, 2022).
6. Search Incident to Arrest
The search incidents of the lawful arrest is another kind of warrant exception that police officers have to search the belongings of the suspect. Normally police officers require a search warrant before the search execution but if the person has been arrested according to the laws then police have the right to search the clothes, car, and everything that is carried by the suspect (Deahl, 2018).
7. Automobile Exception
The automobile exception of the search warrant requirement is another exception that allows the cops to search for the vehicles carried by the suspect in case they believe that vehicles carry illegal items.
8. Safety Check exception
In some cases, police officers believe that persons inside the building or the cars are in danger. For example, if the neighbors called the police that gas is leaked and house members are in danger then police officers have the legal right to enter the house without any warrant and ensure the safety of the people living inside the house. The police officers can search the entire house including the kitchen and basement etc.
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If you need a similar but plagiarism-free “persuasion & logic quiz chapter 07”, then feel free to contact us!
If a speaker is arguing that one event resulted in the other, they are reasoning by cause.
True
False
True
When a speaker ignores an opponent’s actual position and substitutes it with an exaggerated position they are guilty of the slippery slope fallacy.
True
False
False
The process of inferring general conclusions and making general claims from specific cases is called
A. reasoning by analogy
B. reasoning by cause
C. reasoning by the effect
D. reasoning by example
D
If during a debate I comment on my opponent’s creepy smile and lack of intelligence I will have committed the logical fallacy of ad hominem.
True
False
Reset Selection
True
The first step in the persuasive process is called issue awareness.
True
False
True
An argument that reasons from known premises to an inevitable conclusion is inductive reasoning.
True
False
False
My persuasive presentation about how volunteering is the right thing to do is a
A. question of value
B. question of fact
C. question of policy
D. question of reason
A
An enthymeme is a syllogism missing one or two parts.
True
False
True
A visual of an upside-down triangle could represent inductive reasoning.
True
False
False
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Project Management Software is software that is used in most organizations for the planning of projects, scheduling, and allocation of resources. It allows the whole team of managers to manage their quality management, budget, and all document that are exchanged by the project. A great project software does the job from pursuing the product to the management possessions as well as from the management of the budget to the team members’ collaboration, and there are too many things that have been considered while using managing projects.
There are the following three different software:
Nifty:
Nifty is a very upgraded project managing instrument which decreases the cycle of project management and improves the productivity of the team by gathering all the qualities in a single software. The result is a very magnificent improvement that keeps the team inspired and maintains the goal on the schedule. This software enables you to perform tasks by the list view or Kanban, which is listed in the calendar and can be combined with the file as well as google and document sharing. Nifty has a unique collaboration in which each project has a discrete discussion strand that encourages project communication. With GitHub integration, Nifty truly becomes unique by inspiring all the department collaboration like no additional. The pricing of the Nifty software for ten members is thirty-nine dollars, for 25 members is seventy-nine dollars, and for 50 team members is fifty dollars (Nifty Software, 2021).
Proof Hub:
Proof Hub has an amazing online project application that has an accent on ease. The software for project management is planned mostly meant for growing small businesses. In this project, the tasks are assigned to clients and groups, who are eligible to converse, edit and share. Proof Hub offers to generate traditional characters for the users to build Gantt charts. There are a few elements of the proof hub like; Workflow and boards, Reports, Time tracking, Calendar, Discussion, Chat, Custom Roles, Task Management, Notes, File Management, and in-app notifications. The pricing for the proof hub is range starting from forty-five dollars per month to ninety-nine dollars per month that are dependent on storage and the project’s desired amount (ProofHub, 2021).
Meister Task:
The Meister Task project software is a very simple but powerful Kanban design that empowers project management. Having a different range of cooperative competencies, this smart, and instinctive operational task management instrument is an important tool for the teams that rate user experience and clean visual design. The feature like tags and tasks, watching, and monitoring put it into a simple and enjoyable mood for collaboration with the colleagues in the home office and house.
The Meister Task project software also includes the agenda. The personal board can be pinned and organized from any project task. Contempt this wide functionality, the Meister task project leftovers rapid and logical thanks to the wide range of robust native integrations and intelligent automation with the software counting with Gith Hub, G Suite, and Slack.
The pricing range of the Meister Task that, is offering a free elementary form with the selected essential functionality. It is offering $8.25 per user or per month. It is offering a more inclusive nose designed for one user, while the teams are assisted very best by the business pricing package of $20.75 per user or per month and for the enterprises, it is depending upon their order packages (Haije, 2022).
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At Sinclair, which is renowned for its extracurricular activities and groups that any student may enjoy, there is always something to do. Attend a show put on by the Sinclair Theatre department or one of the weekly seminars about social and cultural problems called Sinclair Talks. Take advantage of the chances for service learning supported by Sinclair, such as mentoring at-risk youth, providing aid during natural disasters, and supporting veteran appreciation initiatives. Let’s get into how you can apply for business school at Sinclair community college.
About Sinclair community college
To thrive in professions today, graduates need to possess the necessary abilities. Over 220 programmes are available via Sinclair, including those in highly sought-after technical and specialised fields of study in the Dayton area. More than 15,000 certifications have been attained by Sinclair students in the previous four years.
To fit your lifestyle, Sinclair provides course options and timetables, including online ones. With more than 100 university transfer agreements, credits can be transferred with ease to four-year institutions in Ohio and beyond. This makes it simple to continue your education. Each year, Sinclair loses more than 3,500 students.
Sinclair Community College routinely ranks among the best community schools in America and has one of the lowest tuition prices in Ohio. Sinclair is dedicated to providing high-quality education. The student-to-faculty ratio at Sinclair, which is 19 to 1, is one of the lowest of any Ohio institution. From a median annual wage of $17,500 prior to graduation to $37,400 the following year, Sinclair graduates saw a 114 per cent boost in their yearly earnings.
How can you apply?
You don’t need to reapply if you were admitted to Sinclair and/or registered for classes during the previous two years (including former CCP and Tech Prep students). Call 937-512-3000 for assistance with registration, or sign up right away.
Although F1 visa holders must additionally submit supplementary papers in order to be evaluated, all candidates are eligible for admission. Before a programme may begin, there may be additional conditions that must be met. A.I.S. and A.T.S. degrees, the Health Sciences, Paralegal, Police Academy, Early Childhood Education, GM ASEP, Tesla START, Mopar CAP, and Honda PACT programmes are a few of them.
Are you ready to start on the best road to your future at Sinclair College?
Starting off is easy. The procedures are the same and simple to follow regardless of which Sinclair location is best for you! And remember, if you need assistance; don’t hesitate to contact the admissions office at 937-512-3675 or admissions@sinclair.edu.
Apply in person at any Sinclair store or online. You can submit an application in person on the Dayton campus by going to the Welcome Center, which is on the ground level of Building 10. At the time of your initial registration for classes, a $20 one-time, nonrefundable registration fee will be charged.
Online application for International students:
Use this option to start your application if you wish to enroll at Sinclair, transfer here at the official website of Sinclair, or attend our Intensive ESL program while you are on an F-1 visa, or if you are a visiting F-1 student. Contact the office of international education for further details.
Sinclair Community College Admissions
There is a $20 application fee if you are thinking about applying to Sinclair Community College.
Even while application costs might mount up, some institutions provide free applications, and students who are having financial difficulties may be eligible for an application price waiver.
Applying Early to Sinclair Community College?
Early decision or early action options are not available at Sinclair Community College.
Some students think that applying early to college will increase their prospects. The earlier you apply, the more likely it is that your application will be taken into consideration before those of normal decision candidates, demonstrating your genuine interest in the institution.
View a list of several esteemed universities that accept an excessively higher number of candidates during an early decision or early action than during ordinary admission.
How to Get Into Sinclair Community College
Admission to Sinclair Community College is not difficult to get. Open admissions at Sinclair Community College imply that anybody who meets the minimum requirements can enroll; admission is not selective.
Sinclair Community College welcomed them in 2022.
Nearly all candidates are accepted by non-competitive institutions like Sinclair Community College, regardless of their high school class rank or test results.
Admission as a transfer student is not selective.
What Does Sinclair Community College Look For in an Applicant?
When selecting applicants for their upcoming incoming class, colleges take a variety of things into account. Each institution uses a distinct methodology to select which candidates to accept and which to reject based on which considerations are given the greatest weight. You might wish to think about your application’s strengths and any potential flaws while making your selection of schools to apply to and focus on universities that value your strong suit.
Sinclair Community College 2022 Application Requirements:
All candidates for admission to Sinclair Community College are required to provide the following materials. The admissions office at Sinclair Community College should be contacted twice to confirm all application requirements and supplies.
Required documents for admission to Business
Prepare the necessary paperwork before applying for admission to Sinclair Community College in the United States. The list of required papers should be requested directly from a university since it may differ depending on the country. Additionally, you may request example documents using the live chat.
FAQs
Is Sinclair a good college?
Ohio’s Top 4 Community Colleges In a recent analysis of 23 community colleges in Ohio, Schools.com, a website that connects students to top-notch degree academic programs, named Sinclair College as the No. 4 best community college.
How much is a community college?
Each semester, community college students pay an average of $1,865 in tuition. For in-state students attending a public community college in the US, the average yearly cost is $4,864; for out-of-state students, it is $8,622. Tuition at private two-year community colleges is, on average, $15,100.
Does Sinclair offer scholarships?
For a total of $300, scholarships are given for a maximum of two lessons per kid and four classes per household. Scholarship courses can be taken during one of the sessions or both.
Conclusion
All candidates are eligible for admission, with the exception of F-1 visa holders who are foreign students. Prior to starting some academic programs, there may be extra criteria that need to be fulfilled. These include the A.I.S. and A.T.S. degrees, the Paralegal and Police Academies, the Health Sciences programs, Early Childhood Education, ASAP, CAP, and Honda PACT. Visit the A-Z Program List to find out more about Sinclair’s academic offerings.
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